United Arab Emirates: Work and stay

Under Federal Decree-Law 33 of 2021 it is illegal to work without a MOHRE work permit. MOHRE lists a 'student training and employment permit' that lets registered establishments train or employ a student (valid three months; the age condition for this permit is exempt from the 18+ rule), a part-time work permit (fewer hours or days than full-time; worker may work for more than one employer with ministry approval), and a free two-year private-teacher permit that university students may apply for. Dubai GDRFA describes the student residence permit as issued 'without the requirement that they work', so the employer-side permit is needed for any job.

After graduation: No automatic post-study work visa found. Routes documented officially: (1) Golden Residency for top graduates (10 years; cumulative GPA 3.5 at Classification A or 3.8 at Classification B UAE universities, or 3.5 at a top-100 international university; graduation no more than two years ago; ICP/ministry approval; Dubai route needs a Dubai residency file); (2) jobseeker visit visa of 60, 90 or 120 days (single entry) for holders of a bachelor's degree who graduated within the last two years from a top-500 university per the Ministry-approved ranking, with a financial guarantee; (3) a work residence visa through an employer via MOHRE. A grace period of 60 days after student residence expiry/cancellation applies in Dubai.